Alternative data for the replacement of the Sentinel-1B radar satellite
Alternative data for the replacement of the Sentinel-1B radar satellite
01
Introduction
In connection with the failure of the Sentinel-1B radar satellite on December 23, 2021, there is a need for an alternative source of C-band radar data.
Among the active satellites, Gaofen-3 (GF-3) and Radarsat-2 (RS-2) have the most similar characteristics. Let's compare their basic technical characteristics:
Sentinel-1
GaoFen-3
Radarsat-2
Orbit
Sun-synchronous
Sun-synchronous
Sun-synchronous
Orbit altitude
693 km
755 km
798 km
Frequency band
C-band
C-band
C-band
Imaging angle
20º - 45º
10º - 60º
20º - 60º
Wavelength
6 cm
5.6 cm
5.6 cm
Frequency
5.405 GHz
5.4 GHz
5.405 GHz
Polarization
HH; VV; HH+HV; VV+VH
HH; VV; HH+HV; VH+VV; HH+HV+VH+VV
HH; HV; VH; VV; HH+HV; VV+VH; HH+VV+HV+VH
Imaging modes
4
12
10
Spatial resolution
5-20 m
1-500 m
1-100 m
Bandwidth
20-400 km
10-650 km
20-500 km
Let's take a closer look at each of the spacecraft.
02
Gaofen-3
Gaofen-3 is the first civil radar satellite in the C-band of the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
Gaofen-3
Satellite GF-3 is based on the ZY1000B platform developed by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), consisting of a payload and service system. The payload includes synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a data transmission system, and antenna systems for data transmission.
The resolution ranges from 1 meter to 500 meters, and the swath width ranges from 10 kilometers to 650 kilometers. The SAR payload supports single polarization modes (HH or VV), dual polarization modes (HH+HV or VH+VV), and quad polarization (HH+HV+VH+VV) depending on the observation mode.
GF-3 has 12 imaging modes with four polarization options:
Mode
Incidence Angle Range, degrees
Spatial Resolution, meters
Swath Width, kilometers
Polarization
Spotlight (p)
20~50
1
10 x 10
Single
Ultra-fine stripmap (UF)
20~50
3
30
Single
Fine stripmap (F)
19~50
5
50
Dual
Wide fine stripmap (WF)
19~50
10
100
Dual
Standard stripmap (S)
17~50
25
130
Dual
Narrow ScanSAR (NS)
17~50
50
300
Dual
Wide ScanSAT (WS)
17~50
100
500
Dual
Global observation (G)
17~53
500
650
Dual
Quad-pol stripmap (Q)
20~41
8
30
Quad
Wide quad-pol stripmap (WQ)
20~38
25
40
Quad
Wave (WV)
20~41
10
5 x 5
Quad
Expanded incidence angle(E)
10~20
25
130
Dual
50~60
25
80
Dual
Gaofen-3. Томакомай, префектура Хоккайдо, Япония
03
Radarsat-2
Radarsat-2 is a satellite mission jointly funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and MDA (MacDonald Dettwiler Associates Ltd., Richmond, British Columbia).
Radarsat-2
The spacecraft has a mass of 2200 kg, with a power of 2.4 kW at End of Life (EOL) from two solar panels measuring 3.73 m x 1.8 m each, and a single nickel-hydrogen battery with a capacity of 89 Ah. The estimated lifespan of the satellite is seven years.
RS-2 provides the following imaging modes:
Mode
Swath Width, km
Spatial Resolution, m
Incidence Angle Range, degrees
Polarization
Wide ultra fine
20
1.6 - 3.3
30 - 50
Single
Ultra-fine
20
3 x 3
30 - 40
Selective Single
Wide fine Quad-Pol
25
5.2 - 17.3
18 - 42
Quad
Wide standard Quad-Pol
25
9 - 30.0
18 - 42
Quad
Standard Quad polarization
25
25 x 28
20 - 41
Dual
Fine Quad polarization
25
11 x 9
20 - 41
Dual
Wide multi-look fine
50
3.1 - 10.4
29 - 50
Dual
Wide fine
50
5.2 - 15.2
20 - 45
Single or Dual
Fine
50
10 x 9
37 - 49
Dual
Multi-look fine
50
11 x 9
30 - 50
Dual
High incidence
70
20 x 28
50 - 60
Dual
Standard
100
25 x 28
20 - 49
Dual
Wide
150
25 x 28
20 - 45
Dual
Low incidence
170
40 x 28
10 - 23
Dual
ScanSAR narrow
300
50 x 50
20 - 46
Dual
ScanSAR wide
500
100 x 100
20 - 49
Dual
Radarsat-2. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
More details about the satellites can be found here:
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