A technical report with tectonic disturbance zones, surface displacements and recommendations for further study.
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What the service is used for
New construction sites
Survey of new construction sites.
Facility siting
Sufficient data to choose the optimal siting of structures.
Design in seismic areas
Seismic ground-motion parameters and displacements along active faults for safe operation of facilities.
Oil & gas and surface subsidence
Analysis of the link between hydrocarbon production and land subsidence.
Radar displacement maps
Radar interferometry: tectonic disturbance zones and surface displacements over the observation period.
Did not find your task?
Send the site coordinates, the task and the survey period — we will assess the radar archive and the scope of work.
What you will receive as a result of the work
01
Technical report
A detailed technical report with the results of interferometric processing of satellite radar data.
The report includes interpretation and analysis of survey materials, refined locations of tectonic disturbance zones and identified potential seismic dislocations of the study area.
What you get
- technical report on interferometric processing
- interpretation and analysis of radar satellite imagery
- if required — a conclusion on the link between detected changes and economic activity
The report composition and the list of analysis parameters are fixed in the contract and terms of reference.
02
Surface displacement maps
Land-surface displacement maps from satellite radar surveys over the observation period.
Differential radar interferometry combined with GLONASS/GPS observations makes it possible to assess the intensity and direction of terrain displacements at qualitative and quantitative levels.
What you get
- land-surface displacement maps
- detected displacements and deformations of the surface and structures over the observation period
- assessment of kinematic types and dislocation magnitudes
Displacement maps require interferometric series: at least 12 SLC scenes with VV or HH polarisation in the snow-free period.
03
Tectonic disturbance zones
Refinement of regional and local fault zones and identification of potential active ruptures.
RS materials make it possible to identify zones of deep, regional and local faults with seismic dislocations — places of the most probable occurrence of strong earthquakes, including in remote areas.
What you get
- ranking of confirmed and inferred ruptures, including those hidden under young deposits
- linear tectonic boundaries of structural-facies subzones
- assessment of present-day tectonic activity and likely kinematics of disturbances
Radar RS data are used alongside classic geophysical and geochemical methods, not instead of a full survey package.
04
Recommendations and adverse processes
A map of adverse engineering-geological processes and phenomena of the site and recommendations for further detailed study.
Based on the results, recommendations are given on technologies for detailed study. For the oil and gas industry, analysis of the link between hydrocarbon production and land subsidence is relevant.
What you get
- map of adverse engineering-geological processes and phenomena
- recommendations for further study using the relevant technologies
- analysis of other parameters according to the agreed terms of reference
The work is especially important for hazardous, technically complex or unique facilities; the map composition depends on the ToR.
How the work goes
Cost and timeline
The cost depends on the quality and type of the final product and on the scope of work, and is calculated individually.
- preliminary analysis — free
- purchase of RS materials: free satellite images and/or commercial (minimum cost from $1000 per scene, minimum 5 scenes); the cost is calculated individually
- office processing of radar RS data — from 500,000 rub.; depends on the volume and type of thematic processing
- card estimate — 500,000 rub.
- timeline on the card — from 30 days; in the timeline block and order steps — from 30 (thirty) working days after the advance payment
- the timeline depends on the area of interest, archive availability or a new survey, RS material, scale, final-product and terms-of-reference requirements
- advance — at least the cost of source data plus 50% of the work cost; payment by bank transfer only; final settlement after delivery of materials and signing of certificates
Office processing cost — from 500 000 ₽
Timeline — from 30 working days
Preliminary analysis — free
What data are needed for a quote
To assess feasibility, cost and timeline, send:
- precise coordinates of the area of interest (location, district or region name, shapefile)
- object area and the specific task to be solved with RS materials
- RS material requirements: ground resolution, survey range, archive period or new survey
- requirements for thematic processing and output data formats
- delivery date for the finished materials
If the listed information cannot be provided, indicate the intended use of the results — specialists will analyse the need and propose an option.
Describe the site, the task and the survey period — we will assess the radar archive and the scope of work.
Why Innoter
Prompt access to archives
Suitable archive imagery can be obtained faster when the required area and date are already available from operators.
No aviation clearances
A new satellite survey does not require the flight clearances typical of aerial surveys.
Large and remote areas
A single satellite pass covers large areas and makes it possible to work in hard-to-reach regions.
Direct agreements with operators
Distribution agreements help select archive imagery and order new surveys from different providers.
Software and server infrastructure
Modern software and computing capacity for quality control and processing of large data volumes.
Experienced specialist team
Years of experience on complex projects and specialists in cartography, photogrammetry and remote sensing.
Radar data, regulations and source materials
The scope depends on the area, archive or new survey, SMZ map scale and the terms of reference.
1
Detailed seismic zoning (DSR) determines possible seismic impacts, including in engineering terms, on structures, settlements and individual areas. DSR map scale is 1:500 000–1:200 000.
Seismic microzonation (SMZ, seismic microzoning, microseismorayoning, microseismicity) evaluates the influence of local seismotectonic, soil, hydrogeological and geomorphological site features. SMZ map scale for area objects is 1:25 000 and larger.
SMZ is part of engineering-geological surveys when designing infrastructure and monitoring existing objects. The work package evaluates the effect of local soil conditions on surface vibration intensity and determines corrections to regional seismicity from general or detailed zoning maps.
2
Seismic hazard studies from RS materials are based on identifying residual phenomena and crustal deformations. Radar data make it possible to detect regional and local fault zones over large areas at once, including remote areas.
Differential radar interferometry combined with GLONASS/GPS observations provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intensity and direction of terrain displacements. SMZ work from radar RS data is used alongside classic geophysical and geochemical methods in earthquake-prone regions.
3
The choice of survey type for land-surface displacement maps is based on the following criteria:
- SLC processing-level images acquired with VV or HH parallel polarisation (transmitted and received signal of the same polarisation);
- maximum coverage of the territory;
- optimal survey period and time: snow-free period, night-time acquisition;
- interferometric series with at least 12 scenes over the entire snow-free period for the selected territory.
Before the contract is signed, the radar and optical RS archive and the need to order a new survey are checked.
4
The work is performed in accordance with the code of rules “High-responsibility construction facilities. Rules for detailed seismic zoning” (SP 286.1325800.2016, introduced on 17.06.2017 by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 16.12.2016 No. 980/pr) and SP 408.1325800.2018 “Detailed seismic zoning and seismic microzonation for territorial planning” (introduced on 27.06.2019).
SMZ is included as a mandatory part of engineering surveys for construction in earthquake-prone regions. SMZ is performed in areas with seismicity of 7–9 points, and on sites of especially critical structures in areas with seismicity of 6 points according to the seismic zoning map of Russia.
5
Radar satellite imagery is all-weather and covers a large area in a single scene. There is a multi-year archive of suitable materials, partly in free access — accumulated data from several previous years can be used.
SMZ work using only freely available satellite materials is possible and depends on the result requirements. For a scale of 1:50 000 and larger, and to improve the quality of the final product, commercial data are recommended.
6
When processing satellite radar data for SMZ, the following is performed: selection of archive radar images at the initial processing level or ordering a new survey; interferometric processing with refinement of tectonic disturbance zones and detection of surface displacements; geological interpretation — potential active ruptures, kinematic types and dislocation magnitudes; construction of displacement maps; identification of adverse engineering-geological processes and compilation of the corresponding map.
Morphometric and lineament analysis identifies areas of increased tectonic dislocation and refines dislocations of structural disturbances, including ruptures hidden under younger geological formations.
Frequently asked questions
Answers to key questions about service parameters, timelines, deliverable formats and workflow. If you did not find what you need — contact us and we will help.
- the area of interest (location / coordinates of the object in any convenient form, and the area of the object);
- a specific task that needs to be solved using Earth remote sensing materials.
Yes, it is possible, and depends on the final requirements for the results. To meet the requirements of a scale of 1:50,000 and larger, as well as to improve the quality of the final product, we recommend using commercial data;
Seismic microdistricting provides for the following types of work: collection, analysis and generalization of materials of previous earthquakes; engineering-geological and macroseismic studies; instrumental engineering-seismological and other geophysical studies. Engineering and geological studies are carried out for the territories of objects of all classes and are the basis for planning instrumental studies. Instrumental seismological studies are carried out on the territory of seismic microdistricting of objects of all classes for quantitative prediction of seismic impact characteristics in various engineering and geological conditions. A set of methods is used to solve this problem. The main ones are the registration and study of earthquakes and explosions; auxiliary ones are the study of seismic stiffness, calculation and analysis of the microseismic field. For territories of classes A, B, C, D and D (if the number of inhabitants is more than 30 thousand people) seismic microdistricting is performed by a complex of the listed methods.
class A - the largest cities with a population of over 500 thousand people;
class B - large cities with a population of 250 thousand people;
class C - large cities with a population of 100-250 thousand people;
class G - medium-sized cities with a population of 50-100 thousand people;
class D - small towns, towns and rural settlements with a population of up to 50 thousand people .
On the territory of the city for which seismic microdistricting is carried out, it is desirable to make special seismometric observations using temporary stations, thanks to which the ratios of oscillation amplitudes on different soils during earthquakes are determined. Recordings of explosion oscillations performed, for example, in quarries at a distance of about 10 km, i.e. at a distance commensurate with the hypocentral distance during an earthquake, can provide significant assistance. If there were no such measurements, then for microdistricting it is desirable to have the values of seismic stiffness of soils determined using the measured propagation velocities of elastic waves.
Seismic microdistricting is a method of studying and classifying an urban area from the point of view of its seismic stability and determining the optimal use of land plots taking into account the risk of earthquakes.
With the help of this method, geological, geotechnical, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and other data are studied, which make it possible to determine seismic conditions on the territory of the microdistrict. Based on these data, recommendations are developed for choosing the optimal location for the construction of buildings and structures, as well as measures are taken to strengthen and reduce the risk of destruction of buildings and structures in the event of earthquakes.
The change in the intensity of vibrations depends on the elastic properties of the soil, its density, humidity, consistency (for clay rocks). Therefore, in the SNiP, soils are divided into 3 categories depending on their properties. At the same time, it is taken into account that for coarse-grained and sandy, gravelly large and medium-sized soils, the effect of humidity on elastic properties is insignificant. But at the same time, the content of sandy-clay filling is essential. For clay soils, the main indicators are density and consistency, for fine and dusty sands - density and humidity.
Especially unfavorable soils of the base are water-saturated sands, especially loose ones. Such sands liquefy under seismic influences, which contributes to the sinkhole precipitation (deformation) of buildings. In this regard, loose sands are impractical to use under the foundations of foundations. Loose sands are compacted with vibrators. Weak pulverized clay soils are also unsuitable as foundations for foundations in a fluid and fluid-plastic state. Such soils require improvement, they must be fixed or replaced.
Determination of the seismicity of the construction site should be made on the basis of seismic microdistricting. When determining the estimated seismicity of the site, the following requirements must be met:
- The site should be determined on the basis of seismic micro-zoning (SMR), which can be performed by specialized engineering and survey institutions.
- In areas for which there is no SMR, it is allowed to determine seismicity based on the seismicity of the area and the results of engineering and geological surveys (IGI).
- If the seismicity of the site is determined by the results of the SMR, then no additional adjustment is required based on the results of the IGI.
- If the site is located on the border of existing SMR maps or on the border of different seismicity, then a special organization that compiles the SMR map should clarify the seismicity of the site.
- Clarification of the seismicity of the construction area should be carried out based on the materials of detailed seismic zoning (DSR) performed by the seismic services of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).
The SMR methodology consists in studying the features of these local conditions, which differ from the average ground conditions, in order to clarify the parameters of seismic impacts within the mapped territory, using a complex of engineering-geological and geophysical studies, calculation methods, as well as (if possible) seismological registration of weak earthquakes and microseismus. As an engineering-geological basis, a special map of engineering-geological zoning is used, which allows, according to the totality of engineering-geological data, to divide the territory of seismic micro-zoning into seismically homogeneous taxometric units that meet the requirements of RSN 60-86.
- seismic intensity increment (in points);
- average amplitude of oscillations in the study area;
- average amplitude of oscillations in the reference area.
For earthquake registration, standard engineering-seismometric equipment with oscillographic or magnetic recording, designed to work in continuous or waiting mode, should be used. The main requirement for the equipment is the identity of the registration channels and their sufficient sensitivity.
Depending on the characteristics of the used equipment, ground displacement, velocity, or acceleration amplitudes are registered.
When using galvanometric registration of displacements, the magnification of the seismograph should be selected within the range of 1000-10000; for the registration of velocity oscillations - 100-200. It is also recommended to use rough channels with a magnification of 10-100 (for displacements) and 1-10 (for velocities) in parallel.
The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the channels should provide undistorted recording in the period range from 0.1 to 2 s.
For establishing quantitative characteristics of vibrations from earthquakes of large and small energies, it is recommended to conduct registration of strong earthquakes in waiting mode in parallel with continuous registration of weak earthquakes.
The number of earthquake records suitable for processing, registered in the compared areas, should be sufficient for a well-founded assessment of seismic intensity increments using statistical analysis. The earthquakes, for which the distance between registration points is less than 0.1 hypocentral distance, should be processed.
Engineering-geological research for the purpose of seismic microzonation includes the following stages:
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Collection and systematization of materials from past surveys;
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Engineering-geological survey;
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Compilation of the engineering-geological basis for the seismic microzonation map.
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Materials from past surveys should be used in developing the work program, the engineering-geological mapping scheme, and the map of factual data.
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The placement of underground workings within the territory of the engineering-geological survey should generally be oriented along the normals to the boundaries of the main geomorphological elements, taking into account the conditions of soil and groundwater location. The maximum density of workings should be in areas with complex geological structure.
During the engineering-geological survey, soils should be classified based on the composition and condition according to the classification of GOST 25100-82 and the nomenclature of soils according to SNiP 2.02.01-83. The division of soils by age should be carried out in accordance with a unified stratigraphic scheme or local stratigraphic schemes. The genesis of soils should be determined based on a combination of geological features using existing genetic classifications.
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Variability of soil properties as a result of testing should be determined by the following indicators:
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For rocky soils - based on petrographic composition and degree of weathering;
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For coarse-grained soils - based on granulometric and petrographic composition, the amount of sandy-clayey filler, moisture content, and density;
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For sandy soils - based on granulometric composition, compaction density, and moisture content;
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For clayey soils - based on granulometric composition (plasticity index), consistency index, porosity coefficient, and density.
During the engineering-geological survey, it is necessary to identify dynamically unstable types of soils (subsidence soils, silts, waterlogged sands, etc.), which are most susceptible to seismic subsidence, thixotropic liquefaction, etc.
Artificial and washed soils, whose seismic properties are often unfavorable and require special study, should also be distinguished.
The variability of properties of subsidence, swelling, saline, peat, embankment, and stabilized or compacted soils using various methods can be additionally characterized by special indicators and classified in accordance with SNiP 2.02.01-83. The assessment of seismic properties of these soils should generally be based on instrumental observation data.
The variability of properties of subsidence (loess) soils can also be characterized by the total amount of subsidence of thickness under natural pressure.
When assessing the properties of permafrost soils, their temperature and iciness should be taken into account.
Categories of complexity of engineering-geological conditions for seismic microzonation
|
Factor Group |
Complexity Categories and Their Characteristics |
||
|
I (Simple) |
II (Moderate) |
III (Complex) |
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
Geomorphological |
Relief with weakly dissected terrain and few mesoforms, predominantly of the same genesis |
Moderately dissected relief with numerous mesoforms of different genesis |
Strongly dissected relief with a wide variety of mesoforms of different genesis |
|
Tectonic |
Horizontal or gently dipping layers; presence of isolated faults and disturbances without signs of renewal in the Quaternary period |
Pronounced folding; presence of a few faults and disturbances of different orders, for which no signs of renewal in the Quaternary period have been established |
Complex folding; presence of numerous faults and disturbances of different orders; signs of renewal in the Quaternary period for at least one fault or disturbance |
|
Geological-lithological |
Rock formations outcrop at the surface or are covered by a thin cover (less than 10 m) of homogeneous composition and physical-mechanical characteristics |
Rock formations lie at a depth of more than 10 m; composition and physical-mechanical characteristics change regularly in plan and depth |
Rock formations have a highly dissected roof; the thickness of the covering layer is more than 20 m; the soils in the covering layer vary significantly in composition and physical-mechanical characteristics |
|
Hydrogeological |
Groundwater lies at a depth of more than 10 m |
Groundwater lies at a depth of 5 to 10 m |
Groundwater lies at a depth of up to 5 m; the territory is susceptible to anthropogenic flooding |
|
Exogenous geological processes unfavorable in seismic terms |
Absent |
Limited distribution |
Wide distribution. In the development of the territory, there may be significant activation of landslides and subsidence processes, degradation of permafrost, etc. |
The method of seismic rigidities should be applied in conjunction with other instrumental methods for the quantitative assessment of relative changes (increments) in seismic intensity in areas with different engineering-geological conditions.
The evaluation of seismic intensity increments using the method of seismic rigidities should be carried out by comparing the values of seismic rigidities of the studied and reference soils, taking into account the influence of the saturation of the section and possible resonance phenomena, according to the formula:
,
where 
- the total increment of seismic intensity (in points) relative to the initial (background) seismic intensity assumed for the research area in accordance with RSN 60-86;
- the increment of seismic intensity due to the difference in seismic rigidity of soils between the studied and reference sites;
- the increment of seismic intensity due to the deterioration of seismic properties of soils at the studied site due to saturation (waterlogging);
- the increment of seismic intensity due to the possible occurrence of resonance phenomena caused by a sharp difference in seismic rigidities in the covering and underlying layers of rocks in the studied section.
Currently, works on seismic microdistricting (SMR) are included as mandatory in engineering surveys for construction in earthquake-prone regions.
Seismic microdistricting is carried out in areas with a seismicity of 7-9 points, as well as in territories intended for the construction of particularly critical structures in areas with a seismicity of 6 points according to the seismic zoning map of Russia.
Seismic microdistricting is carried out in areas with a seismicity of 7-9 points, as well as in territories intended for the construction of particularly critical structures in areas with a seismicity of 6 points according to the seismic zoning map of Russia.
Determination of the seismicity of the construction site should be made on the basis of seismic microdistricting. When determining the estimated seismicity of the site, the following requirements must be met:
- The site should be determined on the basis of seismic micro-zoning (SMR), which can be performed by specialized engineering and survey institutions.
- In areas for which there is no SMR, it is allowed to determine seismicity based on the seismicity of the area and the results of engineering and geological surveys (IGI).
- If the seismicity of the site is determined by the results of the SMR, then its additional adjustment based on the results of the IGI is not required.
- If the site is located on the border of existing SMR maps or on the border of different seismicity, then a special organization that compiles the SMR map should clarify the seismicity of the site.
- Clarification of the seismicity of the construction area should be carried out based on the materials of detailed seismic zoning (DSR) performed by the seismic services of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).
When designing engineering structures, especially in urban conditions, it is important to take into account the general parameters of microdistricting, as well as the results of surveys conducted at the site of future construction. These works, which include geophysical, hydrogeological and engineering-geological studies, allow us to determine the characteristics of soils and hydrogeological conditions, the level of danger of impacts on buildings, as well as dependencies between parameters and the influence of general conditions on a specific construction site.
The survey results are expressed in points, which allow us to assess the impact of certain parameters on the safety and durability of construction. According to these results, recommendations are being developed on the choice of optimal technical solutions, structures and materials, as well as on the choice of a place for the construction of engineering structures.
Thus, conducting surveys is an integral part of the process of designing and constructing engineering structures in urban conditions. They allow you to determine the optimal place for construction, taking into account the general conditions of microdistricting and ensure the safety and durability of buildings and structures in conditions of possible impacts.
Seismic zoning of territories is the process of dividing the territory into zones characterized by different seismic activity and the probability of occurrence of earthquakes. The purpose of such zoning is to determine the level of danger of possible seismic events for specific territories and to develop appropriate measures to protect the population and infrastructure.
To carry out seismic zoning, geological, geophysical and seismic studies are necessary, which allow us to determine the characteristics of soils and geological structures in the territory, as well as the history of seismic events in the region. Based on these data, the analysis and determination of zones with varying degrees of seismic activity is carried out.
Seismic zoning makes it possible to identify areas of increased risk of earthquakes and determine measures to protect the population and infrastructure in these zones. For example, buildings and structures located in areas of high seismic activity require the use of special structural solutions and materials capable of withstanding possible seismic loads.
Thus, seismic zoning of territories is an important stage in ensuring the safety of life and health of the population in the zone of possible seismic events. It allows you to determine the level of danger for specific territories and develop measures to protect the population and infrastructure in the event of earthquakes.
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